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Colostrum

Our Overview

Colostrum is an antibody-rich fluid produced by the mother’s mammary glands in the days following birth. Colostrum also contains several important growth hormones as well as other compounds like lactoferrin for newborns. These antibodies can be absorbed whole by young animals, providing immunity and protection from certain infections for several weeks.

Although older animals cannot absorb antibodies as well as young animals, colostrum may still have a local anti-inflammatory effect when ingested or applied topically to the skin. There is also evidence that colostrum may improve the immune response to certain viruses, support gut microflora, improve bone and muscle function in older animals, and support the treatment of periodontal disease in dogs.

Limited studies in animals have been performed, but there is anecdotal evidence that colostrum works to support the immune system and the gastrointestinal tract by providing antimicrobial and other beneficial compounds.

Background

Colostrum contains infection-fighting antibodies, growth factors, nutrients, cytokines (inflammatory mediators), glycoproteins, lactoferrin, lactalbumin, leukocytes (infection-fighting white blood cells), lysozymes, vitamins, and insulin-like growth factors. These ingredients promote cell growth and tissue repair while also providing immune support to the recipient. Colostrum also contains “transfer factors,” which are small peptides (amino acid-rich short proteins) produced by a specific type of infection-fighting white blood cell.

Bovine colostrum contains approximately 100 times more immunoglobulins (antibodies) than regular bovine milk, and it contains more immunoglobulins and growth factors than human milk. Cows are commonly used in the production of colostrum supplements. The majority of supplements are available in dried colostrum form. The immune and growth factors in colostrum, on the other hand, are easily destroyed by heat, so proper manufacturing is required if colostrum supplementation is to be beneficial. Independent assays should be available whenever possible to ensure that the immune growth factors are still viable in the colostrum products chosen. Standardisation of colostrum products would aid in quality assurance.

Supplementing with colostrum is thought to improve intestinal health, balance intestinal flora, and improve digestion. It can also boost the immune system of the intestine, which can be weakened by intestinal parasites. Colostrum is also used to treat infections, cancer, as an anti-aging supplement, and to treat diarrhoea. Colostrum may be helpful in these cases; however, more research is needed to confirm efficacy before widespread recommendations can be made (as with many nutritional supplements).

Side Effects

Colostrum is considered a safe supplement.

Interactions

None reported.

Indications

  • Supports the immune system
  • Enhances recovery after exercise
  • Decreases intestinal permeability (leakiness) that may occur following damage to intestinal cells by toxins, microorganisms, and medications
  • Controls intestinal parasites
  • Helps patients with pancreatitis, periodontitis, and stomatitis

Dose Recommendations

In dogs and cats, 1.65 mL (⅓ teaspoon) of powdered colostrum per 11.3 kg body weight per 12 hr period is the recommended starting dose; however the typical dose will vary with the product as no standard dosing is available.

Contraindications

None reported.

Products containing Colostrum

Your experience with Colostrum

96 Responses

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Further Reading

  1. 1. Hand M., Thatcher C, Remillard R., et al. Small animal clinical nutrition. 5th ed. Topeka (KS): Mark Morris Institute; 2010:244–6, 331–2.
  2. Fetrow CW, Avila J. Professional’s handbook of complementary & alternative medicines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004:230–3.
  3. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Transfer factor. About herbs, botanicals & other products. Available at: http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/herb/transfer-factor. Accessed March 12, 2012.
  4. Broadfoot PJ, Palmquist RE, Jonston K, et al. Integrating complementary medicine into veterinary practice. Goldstein R, ed. Blackwell; 2008:294–8, 373–7, 626–8. Available at: www.mediafire.com/?2s13ctmvv7tyb2k. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Important Notice

The indications provided on this page are suggested uses for each supplement based upon published clinical experience and/or scientific studies. They do not represent as cures or medical treatments and should be treated as advice only. The recommended doses may be provided in human form where dosing for animals has not been established. It is imperative that you understand that this information is provided as guidelines only. You should consult with a registered veterinarian before administering any nutraceutical. Where using a marketed product you should follow the manufacturers instructions.