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Vitamin A (Carotendoids)

Our Overview

While a balanced diet usually suffices to meet a dog’s vitamin A requirements, some dogs require supplements for a variety of reasons. While dog-specific vitamins are available over-the-counter, due to the risk of Vitamin A poisoning, you should carefully follow Veterinary instructions. Your vet may want to run blood tests to see where your pup’s vitamin levels are before going ahead with a vitamin regimen.

Background

“Vitamin A” is a generic term for a group of compounds that share the same biologic activities as retinol, a yellow compound found in green and yellow vegetables, egg yolk, and fish liver oil that is necessary for growth and vision. There are over 600 carotenoids (highly coloured plant pigments) classified as “provitamin A nutrients.” -carotene, -carotene, lutein, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin are some examples. Except for cats, which cannot convert beta-carotene into vitamin A due to a lack of the necessary enzyme, mammals can convert carotenoids into retinol (vitamin A). To avoid deficiency, cats must consume preformed vitamin A. Carotenoids are powerful antioxidants even if they are not converted to vitamin A in the body.

Retinoids (retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid) are preformed vitamins A that can only be found in animal products. Isotretinoin and acitretin are two synthetic analogues of vitamin A. Vitamin A exists in both cis and trans configurations (which refer to the molecule’s “shape” due to carbon-carbon double bonds). Although both forms are biologically active, vitamin A dietary supplements are typically trans. Vitamin A can be found in a variety of foods, including fish liver oil (particularly cod liver oil), organ meats, egg yolk, and whole milk. Carotenoids can be found in a wide range of fruits and vegetables, including yellow, red, and dark leafy green vegetables, as well as yellow fruit.

The liver stores 90% or more of the vitamin A in the body. It can hold approximately two years’ worth of vitamin A required by an adult in humans. Vitamin A is required by the body to fight infection, maintain immunity, and maintain epithelial integrity, as well as for bone growth, cellular differentiation, cellular proliferation, normal vision, and testicular and ovarian function. Vitamin A functions as a cofactor in a variety of biochemical reactions. Vitamin A and carotenoids are frequently recommended as part of cancer patients’ supportive care. This recommendation is based on the fact that a decrease in antioxidant intake is associated with an increase in the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although the use of vitamin A and carotenoids is still debated, integrative practitioners recommend a combination of antioxidants for chemotherapy and radiation therapy patients.

Vitamin A deficiency is linked to a decreased ability to mount an effective antibody response, a decrease in helper T cell levels, and changes in the mucosal linings of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

Side Effects

Vitamin A and the carotenoids are generally considered safe when used as directed.

Interactions

Because oral neomycin reduces vitamin A absorption, supplemental vitamin A may be necessary in patients taking oral neomycin. Likewise, patients taking antacids for gastric ulcers may benefit from vitamin A supplementation. To avoid toxicity, patients taking synthetic retinoids should not be given vitamin A without medical supervision. Combining vitamin A and tetracycline antibiotics may increase the risk of people developing benign intracranial hypertension. Combining vitamin A and antibiotics may have a synergistic effect. When combined with anticoagulant medications, vitamin A may increase the risk of bleeding, and in humans, vitamin A is synergistic with the chemotherapeutic cisplatin for head and neck cancers.

Indications

  • Functions as an antioxidant

Dose Recommendations

Vitamin therapy should be issued by your Veterinarian.

Contraindications

Large doses of vitamin A and most retinoids are not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of embryotoxicity; however, some studies have found no increase in birth defects in women receiving high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy. Retinol is not recommended for patients with liver disease, and synthetic all trans-carotene has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers. There are no specific contraindications directly linked to Companion Animals.

Products containing Vitamin A (Carotendoids)

Your experience with Vitamin A (Carotendoids)

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  5. شركة Bwer هي أحد الموردين الرئيسيين لموازين الشاحنات ذات الجسور في العراق، حيث تقدم مجموعة كاملة من الحلول لقياس حمولة المركبات بدقة. وتغطي خدماتها كل جانب من جوانب موازين الشاحنات، من تركيب وصيانة موازين الشاحنات إلى المعايرة والإصلاح. تقدم شركة Bwer موازين شاحنات تجارية وموازين شاحنات صناعية وأنظمة موازين جسور محورية، مصممة لتلبية متطلبات التطبيقات الثقيلة. تتضمن موازين الشاحنات الإلكترونية وموازين الشاحنات الرقمية من شركة Bwer تقنية متقدمة، مما يضمن قياسات دقيقة وموثوقة. تم تصميم موازين الشاحنات الثقيلة الخاصة بهم للبيئات الوعرة، مما يجعلها مناسبة للصناعات مثل الخدمات اللوجستية والزراعة والبناء. سواء كنت تبحث عن موازين شاحنات للبيع أو الإيجار أو التأجير، توفر شركة Bwer خيارات مرنة لتناسب احتياجاتك، بما في ذلك أجزاء موازين الشاحنات والملحقات والبرامج لتحسين الأداء. بصفتها شركة مصنعة موثوقة لموازين الشاحنات، تقدم شركة Bwer خدمات معايرة موازين الشاحنات المعتمدة، مما يضمن الامتثال لمعايير الصناعة. تشمل خدماتها فحص موازين الشاحنات والشهادات وخدمات الإصلاح، مما يدعم موثوقية أنظمة موازين الشاحنات الخاصة بك على المدى الطويل. بفضل فريق من الخبراء، تضمن شركة Bwer تركيب وصيانة موازين الشاحنات بسلاسة، مما يحافظ على سير عملياتك بسلاسة. لمزيد من المعلومات حول أسعار موازين الشاحنات، وتكاليف التركيب، أو لمعرفة المزيد عن مجموعة موازين الشاحنات ذات الجسور وغيرها من المنتجات، تفضل بزيارة موقع شركة Bwer على الإنترنت على bwerpipes.com

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  39. Francis had started bodybuilding in the mid-1980s, changing over from powerlifting.

    Over the years, she had gradually refined her physique to be more in line with judging standards.

    Nevertheless, she came to the 1991 contest noticeably larger than in previous years.
    Francis was main going into the night time present, with Murray needing all the first-place votes to retain her title.
    Murray managed to do exactly that, profitable a somewhat controversial determination by one point.
    Simply like the size of women’s breasts or a man’s penis,
    the clitoris also can range in measurement.
    Anavar is an oral c17 alpha-alkylated steroid, enabling most bioavailability upon administration. The liver and kidneys process oxandrolone earlier than its entry into
    the bloodstream, causing some hepatic stress, as demonstrated by the elevation of AST and ALT liver enzymes.
    Understanding and information are essential in order to have the flexibility to meet women in their fears and difficulties.
    This analysis contributes data that provides assist to the development and improvement of prevention and remedy strategies, not solely medically
    but additionally psychologically and socially. As A Outcome
    Of of this, anonymous telephone counseling is an effective answer
    for offering assist and advice. The outcomes
    showed that ladies had been concerned and had a fear of getting incorrect recommendation from others and being deceived into making the mistaken decisions.

    They seldom exchanged experiences with every another and were led by men who gave them recommendation on how
    to use AAS.
    This may be quite fun for ladies who like lifting heavy and wish to beat
    their PR’s on huge lifts. However, as a end result of Anavar burns visceral and subcutaneous fats shops in order to shed weight, a woman’s waist will
    turn into increasingly small. By anti-glucocorticoid, because of this it
    reduces cortisol levels considerably. You probably already learn about
    cortisol, but for people who don’t…cortisol is a catabolic hormone and certainly one of its roles within the physique is to trigger fats storage.

    The greater the dosage and the longer the cycle, the higher the risk of
    unwanted effects.
    Other substances used less regularly, and often in association with AASs, are GH, insulin-like growth issue 1, insulin, erythropoietin, stimulants, diuretics, levothyroxine,
    and gamma-hydroxybutyrate [35]. Appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) are substances of different chemical
    nature utilized by athletes, newbie sportsmen and body-builders to improve sports activities performance or bodily appearance.
    They include each authorized dietary dietary supplements and illicit pharmacologic agents [34].
    Each pharmacologic agent used as APEDs could cause adverse side effects involving different organs and methods, together with the reproductive one.

    A typical dosage of Oral Primobolan for ladies shall be
    approximately milligrams, per day. Power and bodily efficiency can be
    notably improved; with out having to –theoretically- worry about experiencing serious side effects.
    Primobolan gives women the distinctive capacity to add the perfect amount of muscle to their frame – while becoming leaner
    and preserving their femininity. Primobolan is a particularly enticing steroid for
    girls as a outcome of it may be used for both bulking and chopping
    purposes. Some ladies won’t get to experience any Primobolan side effects, whereas others may possibly suffer from all of them.

    Although the chance of affected by virilization is considered to be low – there’s no means of figuring out if this truly
    holds true for all ladies. Whereas males won’t notably find
    the totally different Primobolan benefits to be that exciting – ladies will have a
    completely totally different opinion, relating to its general effectiveness.

    The use of anabolic steroids in women is commonly accompanied by conflicting advice and misinformation. The dangers are
    actual, and being well-informed may help scale back these risks when striving to achieve your goals.

    Why do some individuals recommend men to start out with cycles 10 instances
    their normal production, whereas telling a feminine to begin with 20 to 60 occasions their own androgen levels?

    Relaxation assured, I am not advocating for males to start out with a 500 mg per week
    cycle either, but that’s a topic for an additional discussion.
    Anavar (oxandrolone) is an oral anabolic steroid created in 1962 to advertise lean muscle mass in these suffering from
    muscle-wasting conditions. The different major goal when formulating
    Anavar was to create a mild drug with few unwanted effects so
    girls and children might safely take it. One examine published within the Nationwide Library of Drugs found that Anavar was effective
    in promoting fat loss in young men with low testosterone levels.

    Having greater levels of estrogen within the body promotes vaginal lubrication and increases sexual want.
    Intercourse hormones are those who play an important function in sexual growth and replica.

    The major glands that produce intercourse hormones
    are the adrenal glands and the gonads, which embody the ovaries in females and testes in males.

    The early Eighties signified a transition from the fashionably skinny “twiggy”
    body to 1 carrying barely more muscle mass.[2] The
    National Physique Committee (NPC) held the first women’s Nationals in 1980.

    Since its inception, this has been the highest novice
    degree competitors for women within the US.
    The first World Couples Championship was held in Atlantic City,
    New Jersey on April eight.
    SHBG works to lower free testosterone levels; thus,
    free testosterone ranges will spike significantly on Winstrol.
    Women who’re competing in a bikini or bodybuilding competitors may take Winstrol,
    which they are usually instructed to do by their coaches.
    Alternatively, any feminine who wants to lose some stubborn fat while rising muscle tone may use it
    to enhance their physique.
    Some women progressively lower the dose towards the top of a cycle and
    taper off; nevertheless, this isn’t necessary. It will be extra useful for the heart
    to come off as soon as attainable than to take decrease
    doses. The solely potential advantage of decreasing the dose
    could be to avoid a crash in vitality; however, this isn’t commonly reported amongst Clen customers.

    Primobolan is out there in oral or injectable form (Primobolan depot) and considerably enhances fat loss due to its
    strong binding affinity to the androgen receptors, inflicting increased
    lipolysis (fat loss). We don’t endorse the usage
    of anabolic steroids; however, we understand that many
    girls and women are utilizing these substances and want right steering.
    The primary short-term unwanted effects of steroids are
    pimples, abdomen irritation, and an increased threat of an infection.
    Usually missing a period means that a woman is pregnant, but while on prednisone it’s
    a chance to miss a interval and never be pregnant. Surprisingly, prednisone can affect even postmenopausal girls who shouldn’t
    be having a interval anymore! Postmenopausal bleeding with
    full-blown periods years after a woman’s last
    interval can occur while on prednisone.
    The stigma that surrounds people who inject medication (PWIDs) [54, 55]
    and girls who inject medicine (WWIDs) [38] has been demonstrated in intravenous (IV) drug
    use settings. WWID could additionally be even more stigmatised as
    they’re both breaking the law in terms of their unlawful
    injecting drug use, in addition to transgressing the
    norms of standard femininity [39]. On a bodily degree, individuals also
    expressed their observations of women who had crossed this line and the
    obvious changes that occurred in consequence. Specifically, participants who had transitioned to injecting reported
    how alarming physical side effects had been (e.g. day by
    day shaving, voice deepening), which builds on earlier
    work with ladies [11, 33, 48]. Some girls
    competing in elite energy sport expressed that the dearth of
    monetary reward, for example, meant that the advantages of using injectables didn’t outweigh the attainable downsides.

    Additional analysis is needed to understand the exact motivations
    of those girls who do go on to inject AAS,
    which is in a position to likely provide some insight into
    the stigma surrounding this unique group of PWIDs.

    References:

    JBH News

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Further Reading

  1. Stargrove M, Treasure J, McKee D. Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions: clinical implications and therapeutic strategies. St. Louis (MO): Mosby Elsevier; 2008:235–52.
  2. Schoen A, Wynn SG. Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine: principles and practice. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; 1998:54, 60.
  3. Hand M, Thatcher C, Remillard R, et al. Small animal clinical nutrition. 5th ed. Topeka (KS): Mark Morris Institute; 2010:84, 465.
  4. Broadfoot PJ, Palmquist RE, Jonston K, et al. Integrating complementary medicine into veterinary practice. Goldstein R, ed. Blackwell; 2008:31–2, 137, 171, 721.
  5. Pizzorno J, Murray M. Textbook of natural medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis (MO): Churchill Livingstone; 2005:771–3, 1382.
  6. Wynn SG, Marsden S. Manual of natural veterinary medicine: science and tradition. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; 2003:121, 397.
  7. Pizzorno J, Murray M, Joiner-Bey H. The clinician’s handbook of natural medicine. 2nd ed. St. Louis (MO): Churchill Livingstone; 2008:131.

Important Notice

The indications provided on this page are suggested uses for each supplement based upon published clinical experience and/or scientific studies. They do not represent as cures or medical treatments and should be treated as advice only. The recommended doses may be provided in human form where dosing for animals has not been established. It is imperative that you understand that this information is provided as guidelines only. You should consult with a registered veterinarian before administering any nutraceutical. Where using a marketed product you should follow the manufacturers instructions.